http://blog.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user hourly 1 1901-01-01T00:00+00:00 http://gmane.org/img/gmane-25t.png http://gmane.org http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5989 <pre> Hi all It possible with Sed, matching one word, or more word in single line: YES and saving, in other file the X lines previous, and the Y following lines? You have any example? Thanks Regards </pre> mailbox20112002-SED 2013-06-14T15:48:07 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5988 <pre> ------------------------------------------------------------------------- USEFUL ONE-LINE SCRIPTS FOR SED (Unix stream editor) Dec. 29, 2005 Compiled by Eric Pement - pemente[at]northpark[dot]edu version 5.5 Latest version of this file (in English) is usually at: http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt http://www.pement.org/sed/sed1line.txt This file will also available in other languages: Chinese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_zh-CN.html Czech - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_cz.html Dutch - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_nl.html French - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_fr.html German - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_de.html Italian - (pending) Portuguese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_pt-BR.html Spanish - (pending) FILE SPACING: # double space a file sed G # double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file # should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text. sed '/^$/d;G' # triple space a file sed 'G;G' # undo double-spacing (assumes even-numbered lines are always blank) sed 'n;d' # insert a blank line above every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}' # insert a blank line below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/G' # insert a blank line above and below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}' NUMBERING: # number each line of a file (simple left alignment). Using a tab (see # note on '\t' at end of file) instead of space will preserve margins. sed = filename | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/' # number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned) sed = filename | sed 'N; s/^/ /; s/ *\(.\{6,\}\)\n/\1 /' # number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank sed '/./=' filename | sed '/./N; s/\n/ /' # count lines (emulates "wc -l") sed -n '$=' TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION: # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. sed 's/.$//' # assumes that all lines end with CR/LF sed 's/^M$//' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V then Ctrl-M sed 's/\x0D$//' # works on ssed, gsed 3.02.80 or higher # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$/`echo -e \\\r`/" # command line under ksh sed 's/$'"/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under bash sed "s/$/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under zsh sed 's/$/\r/' # gsed 3.02.80 or higher # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$//" # method 1 sed -n p # method 2 # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. # Can only be done with UnxUtils sed, version 4.0.7 or higher. The # UnxUtils version can be identified by the custom "--text" switch # which appears when you use the "--help" switch. Otherwise, changing # DOS newlines to Unix newlines cannot be done with sed in a DOS # environment. Use "tr" instead. sed "s/\r//" infile &gt;outfile # UnxUtils sed v4.0.7 or higher tr -d \r &lt;infile &gt;outfile # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher # delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line # aligns all text flush left sed 's/^[ \t]*//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line sed 's/[ \t]*$//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' # insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset) sed 's/^/ /' # align all text flush right on a 79-column width sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,78\}$/ &amp;/;ta' # set at 78 plus 1 space # center all text in the middle of 79-column width. In method 1, # spaces at the beginning of the line are significant, and trailing # spaces are appended at the end of the line. In method 2, spaces at # the beginning of the line are discarded in centering the line, and # no trailing spaces appear at the end of lines. sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &amp; /;ta' # method 1 sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &amp;/;ta' -e 's/\( *\)\1/\1/' # method 2 # substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line sed 's/foo/bar/' # replaces only 1st instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/4' # replaces only 4th instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/g' # replaces ALL instances in a line sed 's/\(.*\)foo\(.*foo\)/\1bar\2/' # replace the next-to-last case sed 's/\(.*\)foo/\1bar/' # replace only the last case # substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g' # substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g' # change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red" sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g' # most seds gsed 's/scarlet\|ruby\|puce/red/g' # GNU sed only # reverse order of lines (emulates "tac") # bug/feature in HHsed v1.5 causes blank lines to be deleted sed '1!G;h;$!d' # method 1 sed -n '1!G;h;$p' # method 2 # reverse each character on the line (emulates "rev") sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&amp;\2\1/;//D;s/.//' # join pairs of lines side-by-side (like "paste") sed '$!N;s/\n/ /' # if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it sed -e :a -e '/\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta' # if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line # and replace the "=" with a single space sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D' # add commas to numeric strings, changing "1234567" to "1,234,567" gsed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\&gt;/,&amp;/;ta' # GNU sed sed -e :a -e 's/\(.*[0-9]\)\([0-9]\{3\}\)/\1,\2/;ta' # other seds # add commas to numbers with decimal points and minus signs (GNU sed) gsed -r ':a;s/(^|[^0-9.])([0-9]+)([0-9]{3})/\1\2,\3/g;ta' # add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.) gsed '0~5G' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;G;' # other seds SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES: # print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head") sed 10q # print first line of file (emulates "head -1") sed q # print the last 10 lines of a file (emulates "tail") sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba' # print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2") sed '$!N;$!D' # print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1") sed '$!d' # method 1 sed -n '$p' # method 2 # print the next-to-the-last line of a file sed -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print blank line sed -e '1{$q;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print the line sed -e '1{$d;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print nothing # print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep") sed -n '/regexp/p' # method 1 sed '/regexp/!d' # method 2 # print only lines which do NOT match regexp (emulates "grep -v") sed -n '/regexp/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/regexp/d' # method 2, simpler syntax # print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{g;1!p;};h' # print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{n;p;}' # print 1 line of context before and after regexp, with line number # indicating where the regexp occurred (similar to "grep -A1 -B1") sed -n -e '/regexp/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed '/AAA/!d; /BBB/!d; /CCC/!d' # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order) sed '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/!d' # grep for AAA or BBB or CCC (emulates "egrep") sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d # most seds gsed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/!d' # GNU sed only # print paragraph if it contains AAA (blank lines separate paragraphs) # HHsed v1.5 must insert a 'G;' after 'x;' in the next 3 scripts below sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;' # print paragraph if it contains AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;/BBB/!d;/CCC/!d' # print paragraph if it contains AAA or BBB or CCC sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d gsed '/./{H;$!d;};x;/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' # GNU sed only # print only lines of 65 characters or longer sed -n '/^.\{65\}/p' # print only lines of less than 65 characters sed -n '/^.\{65\}/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/^.\{65\}/d' # method 2, simpler syntax # print section of file from regular expression to end of file sed -n '/regexp/,$p' # print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive) sed -n '8,12p' # method 1 sed '8,12!d' # method 2 # print line number 52 sed -n '52p' # method 1 sed '52!d' # method 2 sed '52q;d' # method 3, efficient on large files # beginning at line 3, print every 7th line gsed -n '3~7p' # GNU sed only sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;n;n;}' # other seds # print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive) sed -n '/Iowa/,/Montana/p' # case sensitive SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES: # print all of file EXCEPT section between 2 regular expressions sed '/Iowa/,/Montana/d' # delete duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates "uniq"). # First line in a set of duplicate lines is kept, rest are deleted. sed '$!N; /^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P; D' # delete duplicate, nonconsecutive lines from a file. Beware not to # overflow the buffer size of the hold space, or else use GNU sed. sed -n 'G; s/\n/&amp;&amp;/; /^\([ -~]*\n\).*\n\1/d; s/\n//; h; P' # delete all lines except duplicate lines (emulates "uniq -d"). sed '$!N; s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/; t; D' # delete the first 10 lines of a file sed '1,10d' # delete the last line of a file sed '$d' # delete the last 2 lines of a file sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d' # delete the last 10 lines of a file sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D' # method 1 sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba' # method 2 # delete every 8th line gsed '0~8d' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;n;n;n;d;' # other seds # delete lines matching pattern sed '/pattern/d' # delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ") sed '/^$/d' # method 1 sed '/./!d' # method 2 # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first; also # deletes all blank lines from top and end of file (emulates "cat -s") sed '/./,/^$/!d' # method 1, allows 0 blanks at top, 1 at EOF sed '/^$/N;/\n$/D' # method 2, allows 1 blank at top, 0 at EOF # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first 2: sed '/^$/N;/\n$/N;//D' # delete all leading blank lines at top of file sed '/./,$!d' # delete all trailing blank lines at end of file sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/{$d;N;ba' -e '}' # works on all seds sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/N;/\n$/ba' # ditto, except for gsed 3.02.* # delete the last line of each paragraph sed -n '/^$/{p;h;};/./{x;/./p;}' SPECIAL APPLICATIONS: # remove nroff overstrikes (char, backspace) from man pages. The 'echo' # command may need an -e switch if you use Unix System V or bash shell. sed "s/.`echo \\\b`//g" # double quotes required for Unix environment sed 's/.^H//g' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V and then Ctrl-H sed 's/.\x08//g' # hex expression for sed 1.5, GNU sed, ssed # get Usenet/e-mail message header sed '/^$/q' # deletes everything after first blank line # get Usenet/e-mail message body sed '1,/^$/d' # deletes everything up to first blank line # get Subject header, but remove initial "Subject: " portion sed '/^Subject: */!d; s///;q' # get return address header sed '/^Reply-To:/q; /^From:/h; /./d;g;q' # parse out the address proper. Pulls out the e-mail address by itself # from the 1-line return address header (see preceding script) sed 's/ *(.*)//; s/&gt;.*//; s/.*[:&lt;] *//' # add a leading angle bracket and space to each line (quote a message) sed 's/^/&gt; /' # delete leading angle bracket &amp; space from each line (unquote a message) sed 's/^&gt; //' # remove most HTML tags (accommodates multiple-line tags) sed -e :a -e 's/&lt;[^&gt;]*&gt;//g;/&lt;/N;//ba' # extract multi-part uuencoded binaries, removing extraneous header # info, so that only the uuencoded portion remains. Files passed to # sed must be passed in the proper order. Version 1 can be entered # from the command line; version 2 can be made into an executable # Unix shell script. (Modified from a script by Rahul Dhesi.) sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' file1 file2 ... fileX | uudecode # vers. 1 sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' "$&lt; at &gt;" | uudecode # vers. 2 # sort paragraphs of file alphabetically. Paragraphs are separated by blank # lines. GNU sed uses \v for vertical tab, or any unique char will do. sed '/./{H;d;};x;s/\n/={NL}=/g' file | sort | sed '1s/={NL}=//;s/={NL}=/\n/g' gsed '/./{H;d};x;y/\n/\v/' file | sort | sed '1s/\v//;y/\v/\n/' # zip up each .TXT file individually, deleting the source file and # setting the name of each .ZIP file to the basename of the .TXT file # (under DOS: the "dir /b" switch returns bare filenames in all caps). echo &lt; at &gt;echo off &gt;zipup.bat dir /b *.txt | sed "s/^\(.*\)\.TXT/pkzip -mo \1 \1.TXT/" &gt;&gt;zipup.bat TYPICAL USE: Sed takes one or more editing commands and applies all of them, in sequence, to each line of input. After all the commands have been applied to the first input line, that line is output and a second input line is taken for processing, and the cycle repeats. The preceding examples assume that input comes from the standard input device (i.e, the console, normally this will be piped input). One or more filenames can be appended to the command line if the input does not come from stdin. Output is sent to stdout (the screen). Thus: cat filename | sed '10q' # uses piped input sed '10q' filename # same effect, avoids a useless "cat" sed '10q' filename &gt; newfile # redirects output to disk For additional syntax instructions, including the way to apply editing commands from a disk file instead of the command line, consult "sed &amp; awk, 2nd Edition," by Dale Dougherty and Arnold Robbins (O'Reilly, 1997; http://www.ora.com), "UNIX Text Processing," by Dale Dougherty and Tim O'Reilly (Hayden Books, 1987) or the tutorials by Mike Arst distributed in U-SEDIT2.ZIP (many sites). To fully exploit the power of sed, one must understand "regular expressions." For this, see "Mastering Regular Expressions" by Jeffrey Friedl (O'Reilly, 1997). The manual ("man") pages on Unix systems may be helpful (try "man sed", "man regexp", or the subsection on regular expressions in "man ed"), but man pages are notoriously difficult. They are not written to teach sed use or regexps to first-time users, but as a reference text for those already acquainted with these tools. QUOTING SYNTAX: The preceding examples use single quotes ('...') instead of double quotes ("...") to enclose editing commands, since sed is typically used on a Unix platform. Single quotes prevent the Unix shell from intrepreting the dollar sign ($) and backquotes (`...`), which are expanded by the shell if they are enclosed in double quotes. Users of the "csh" shell and derivatives will also need to quote the exclamation mark (!) with the backslash (i.e., \!) to properly run the examples listed above, even within single quotes. Versions of sed written for DOS invariably require double quotes ("...") instead of single quotes to enclose editing commands. USE OF '\t' IN SED SCRIPTS: For clarity in documentation, we have used the expression '\t' to indicate a tab character (0x09) in the scripts. However, most versions of sed do not recognize the '\t' abbreviation, so when typing these scripts from the command line, you should press the TAB key instead. '\t' is supported as a regular expression metacharacter in awk, perl, and HHsed, sedmod, and GNU sed v3.02.80. VERSIONS OF SED: Versions of sed do differ, and some slight syntax variation is to be expected. In particular, most do not support the use of labels (:name) or branch instructions (b,t) within editing commands, except at the end of those commands. We have used the syntax which will be portable to most users of sed, even though the popular GNU versions of sed allow a more succinct syntax. When the reader sees a fairly long command such as this: sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d it is heartening to know that GNU sed will let you reduce it to: sed '/AAA/b;/BBB/b;/CCC/b;d' # or even sed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' In addition, remember that while many versions of sed accept a command like "/one/ s/RE1/RE2/", some do NOT allow "/one/! s/RE1/RE2/", which contains space before the 's'. Omit the space when typing the command. OPTIMIZING FOR SPEED: If execution speed needs to be increased (due to large input files or slow processors or hard disks), substitution will be executed more quickly if the "find" expression is specified before giving the "s/.../.../" instruction. Thus: sed 's/foo/bar/g' filename # standard replace command sed '/foo/ s/foo/bar/g' filename # executes more quickly sed '/foo/ s//bar/g' filename # shorthand sed syntax On line selection or deletion in which you only need to output lines from the first part of the file, a "quit" command (q) in the script will drastically reduce processing time for large files. Thus: sed -n '45,50p' filename # print line nos. 45-50 of a file sed -n '51q;45,50p' filename # same, but executes much faster If you have any additional scripts to contribute or if you find errors in this document, please send e-mail to the compiler. Indicate the version of sed you used, the operating system it was compiled for, and the nature of the problem. To qualify as a one-liner, the command line must be 65 characters or less. Various scripts in this file have been written or contributed by: Al Aab # founder of "seders" list Edgar Allen # various Yiorgos Adamopoulos # various Dale Dougherty # author of "sed &amp; awk" Carlos Duarte # author of "do it with sed" Eric Pement # author of this document Ken Pizzini # author of GNU sed v3.02 S.G. Ravenhall # great de-html script Greg Ubben # many contributions &amp; much help ------------------------------------------------------------------------- </pre> sed-users< at >yahoogroups.com 2013-06-02T02:03:58 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5985 <pre>Hi all, hope you can help me with how to duplicate "columns" in a file: before: aaa bbb ccc after: aaa aaa bbb bbb ccc ccc Thanks in advance, Magnus </pre> suffocator< at >gmx.de 2013-05-16T18:17:15 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5973 <pre>Hi all, I'm needing some help creating a command line that's hopefully simple. I'd like to use a sed command in a batch file to do the following on a fixed format input file: For every line in input file that begins with '0530' (in first 4 characters on line), insert 'x' at position/column 32 on same line, then output the whole file to a newfile. Optionally, if its possible to delete one character (a blank space) on same line at position 34, that would be helpful as well, to preserve formatting. Any/all help is greatly appreciated. Thanks </pre> blackmuerte 2013-05-14T21:17:16 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5965 <pre>Hi, I need some help for doing the following command with sed. Is someone could gibe me the exemple ? Many thanks. ============================= cat /tmp/file_1 Num;Nbr_pass; 5;1; 7;1; 8;4; 12;1; 13;5; 15;7; ============================= cat /tmp/file2 Num ; Comments ; 1 ; AAAA ; 2 ; BBBBB ; 3 ; CC ; 4 ; XXDF ; 5 ; KIJHG ; 6 ; GFRD ; 7 ; HGTFEDFR ; 8 ; DJHY ; 9 ; FDGRTFG ; 10 ; QWXVG ; 11 ; FTGJ ; 12 ; DHGRF ; 13 ; GFDRFE ; 14 ; GFDRFE ; 15 ; FGTF ; 16 ; LKJU ; 17 ; DFDE ; ============================= The result, I would like to have. Num ; Comments ; Nbr_pass ; 1 ; AAAA ; N/A ; 2 ; BBBBB ; N/A; 3 ; CC ; N/A; 4 ; XXDF ; N/A; 5 ; KIJHG ;1 ; 6 ; GFRD ; N/A; 7 ; HGTFEDFR ; 1 ; 8 ; DJHY ; 1 ; 9 ; FDGRTFG ; N/A; 10 ; QWXVG ; N/A; 11 ; FTGJ ; N/A; 12 ; DHGRF ; 1 ; 13 ; GFDRFE ; 5 ; 14 ; GFDRFE ; N/A; 15 ; FGTF ; 7 ; 16 ; LKJU ; N/A; 17 ; DFDE ; N/A; Many thanks for help. Regards. __________________________ Avant d'imprimer, pensez à l'environnement ! Please consider the environment before printing ! Ce message et toutes ses pièces jointes sont confidentiels et établis à l'intention exclusive de ses destinataires. Toute utilisation non conforme à sa destination, toute diffusion ou toute publication, totale ou partielle, est interdite, sauf autorisation expresse. IFP Energies nouvelles décline toute responsabilité au titre de ce message. This message and any attachments are confidential and intended solely for the addressees. Any unauthorised use or dissemination is prohibited. IFP Energies nouvelles should not be liable for this message. __________________________ [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] </pre> MOKRANI Rachid 2013-05-15T11:55:47 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5952 <pre>I have run into a situation sometimes where literal strings I want to replace that have metacharacters, and I want to replace it with some other similarly odd string. For example, suppose I want to replace the literal string "jj*hh" with the literal string "foo\1bar". To make it work, I would have to use escape characters: $ echo 'jj*hh' | sed 's/jj\*hh/foo\\1bar/' foo\1bar I don't mind doing this for one or two strings, but sometimes I have a lot of strings, and don't want to escape them all by hand or write some complex script procedure. What if the s command could have a f "fixed" flag, similar to the grep -F fixed flag, so the following would work: $ echo 'jj*hh' | sed 's/jj*hh/foo\1bar/f' foo\1bar The f flag would tell s to ignore all metacharacters, to just interpret A and B in s/A/B/f as fixed strings. Maybe there is some simpler way to do this I am overlooking? Anyway, just a suggestion. </pre> Daniel 2013-05-08T09:27:41 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5951 <pre> ------------------------------------------------------------------------- USEFUL ONE-LINE SCRIPTS FOR SED (Unix stream editor) Dec. 29, 2005 Compiled by Eric Pement - pemente[at]northpark[dot]edu version 5.5 Latest version of this file (in English) is usually at: http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt http://www.pement.org/sed/sed1line.txt This file will also available in other languages: Chinese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_zh-CN.html Czech - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_cz.html Dutch - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_nl.html French - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_fr.html German - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_de.html Italian - (pending) Portuguese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_pt-BR.html Spanish - (pending) FILE SPACING: # double space a file sed G # double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file # should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text. sed '/^$/d;G' # triple space a file sed 'G;G' # undo double-spacing (assumes even-numbered lines are always blank) sed 'n;d' # insert a blank line above every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}' # insert a blank line below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/G' # insert a blank line above and below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}' NUMBERING: # number each line of a file (simple left alignment). Using a tab (see # note on '\t' at end of file) instead of space will preserve margins. sed = filename | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/' # number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned) sed = filename | sed 'N; s/^/ /; s/ *\(.\{6,\}\)\n/\1 /' # number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank sed '/./=' filename | sed '/./N; s/\n/ /' # count lines (emulates "wc -l") sed -n '$=' TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION: # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. sed 's/.$//' # assumes that all lines end with CR/LF sed 's/^M$//' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V then Ctrl-M sed 's/\x0D$//' # works on ssed, gsed 3.02.80 or higher # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$/`echo -e \\\r`/" # command line under ksh sed 's/$'"/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under bash sed "s/$/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under zsh sed 's/$/\r/' # gsed 3.02.80 or higher # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$//" # method 1 sed -n p # method 2 # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. # Can only be done with UnxUtils sed, version 4.0.7 or higher. The # UnxUtils version can be identified by the custom "--text" switch # which appears when you use the "--help" switch. Otherwise, changing # DOS newlines to Unix newlines cannot be done with sed in a DOS # environment. Use "tr" instead. sed "s/\r//" infile &gt;outfile # UnxUtils sed v4.0.7 or higher tr -d \r &lt;infile &gt;outfile # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher # delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line # aligns all text flush left sed 's/^[ \t]*//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line sed 's/[ \t]*$//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' # insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset) sed 's/^/ /' # align all text flush right on a 79-column width sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,78\}$/ &amp;/;ta' # set at 78 plus 1 space # center all text in the middle of 79-column width. In method 1, # spaces at the beginning of the line are significant, and trailing # spaces are appended at the end of the line. In method 2, spaces at # the beginning of the line are discarded in centering the line, and # no trailing spaces appear at the end of lines. sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &amp; /;ta' # method 1 sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &amp;/;ta' -e 's/\( *\)\1/\1/' # method 2 # substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line sed 's/foo/bar/' # replaces only 1st instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/4' # replaces only 4th instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/g' # replaces ALL instances in a line sed 's/\(.*\)foo\(.*foo\)/\1bar\2/' # replace the next-to-last case sed 's/\(.*\)foo/\1bar/' # replace only the last case # substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g' # substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g' # change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red" sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g' # most seds gsed 's/scarlet\|ruby\|puce/red/g' # GNU sed only # reverse order of lines (emulates "tac") # bug/feature in HHsed v1.5 causes blank lines to be deleted sed '1!G;h;$!d' # method 1 sed -n '1!G;h;$p' # method 2 # reverse each character on the line (emulates "rev") sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&amp;\2\1/;//D;s/.//' # join pairs of lines side-by-side (like "paste") sed '$!N;s/\n/ /' # if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it sed -e :a -e '/\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta' # if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line # and replace the "=" with a single space sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D' # add commas to numeric strings, changing "1234567" to "1,234,567" gsed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\&gt;/,&amp;/;ta' # GNU sed sed -e :a -e 's/\(.*[0-9]\)\([0-9]\{3\}\)/\1,\2/;ta' # other seds # add commas to numbers with decimal points and minus signs (GNU sed) gsed -r ':a;s/(^|[^0-9.])([0-9]+)([0-9]{3})/\1\2,\3/g;ta' # add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.) gsed '0~5G' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;G;' # other seds SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES: # print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head") sed 10q # print first line of file (emulates "head -1") sed q # print the last 10 lines of a file (emulates "tail") sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba' # print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2") sed '$!N;$!D' # print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1") sed '$!d' # method 1 sed -n '$p' # method 2 # print the next-to-the-last line of a file sed -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print blank line sed -e '1{$q;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print the line sed -e '1{$d;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print nothing # print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep") sed -n '/regexp/p' # method 1 sed '/regexp/!d' # method 2 # print only lines which do NOT match regexp (emulates "grep -v") sed -n '/regexp/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/regexp/d' # method 2, simpler syntax # print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{g;1!p;};h' # print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{n;p;}' # print 1 line of context before and after regexp, with line number # indicating where the regexp occurred (similar to "grep -A1 -B1") sed -n -e '/regexp/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed '/AAA/!d; /BBB/!d; /CCC/!d' # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order) sed '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/!d' # grep for AAA or BBB or CCC (emulates "egrep") sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d # most seds gsed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/!d' # GNU sed only # print paragraph if it contains AAA (blank lines separate paragraphs) # HHsed v1.5 must insert a 'G;' after 'x;' in the next 3 scripts below sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;' # print paragraph if it contains AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;/BBB/!d;/CCC/!d' # print paragraph if it contains AAA or BBB or CCC sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d gsed '/./{H;$!d;};x;/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' # GNU sed only # print only lines of 65 characters or longer sed -n '/^.\{65\}/p' # print only lines of less than 65 characters sed -n '/^.\{65\}/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/^.\{65\}/d' # method 2, simpler syntax # print section of file from regular expression to end of file sed -n '/regexp/,$p' # print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive) sed -n '8,12p' # method 1 sed '8,12!d' # method 2 # print line number 52 sed -n '52p' # method 1 sed '52!d' # method 2 sed '52q;d' # method 3, efficient on large files # beginning at line 3, print every 7th line gsed -n '3~7p' # GNU sed only sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;n;n;}' # other seds # print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive) sed -n '/Iowa/,/Montana/p' # case sensitive SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES: # print all of file EXCEPT section between 2 regular expressions sed '/Iowa/,/Montana/d' # delete duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates "uniq"). # First line in a set of duplicate lines is kept, rest are deleted. sed '$!N; /^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P; D' # delete duplicate, nonconsecutive lines from a file. Beware not to # overflow the buffer size of the hold space, or else use GNU sed. sed -n 'G; s/\n/&amp;&amp;/; /^\([ -~]*\n\).*\n\1/d; s/\n//; h; P' # delete all lines except duplicate lines (emulates "uniq -d"). sed '$!N; s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/; t; D' # delete the first 10 lines of a file sed '1,10d' # delete the last line of a file sed '$d' # delete the last 2 lines of a file sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d' # delete the last 10 lines of a file sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D' # method 1 sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba' # method 2 # delete every 8th line gsed '0~8d' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;n;n;n;d;' # other seds # delete lines matching pattern sed '/pattern/d' # delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ") sed '/^$/d' # method 1 sed '/./!d' # method 2 # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first; also # deletes all blank lines from top and end of file (emulates "cat -s") sed '/./,/^$/!d' # method 1, allows 0 blanks at top, 1 at EOF sed '/^$/N;/\n$/D' # method 2, allows 1 blank at top, 0 at EOF # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first 2: sed '/^$/N;/\n$/N;//D' # delete all leading blank lines at top of file sed '/./,$!d' # delete all trailing blank lines at end of file sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/{$d;N;ba' -e '}' # works on all seds sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/N;/\n$/ba' # ditto, except for gsed 3.02.* # delete the last line of each paragraph sed -n '/^$/{p;h;};/./{x;/./p;}' SPECIAL APPLICATIONS: # remove nroff overstrikes (char, backspace) from man pages. The 'echo' # command may need an -e switch if you use Unix System V or bash shell. sed "s/.`echo \\\b`//g" # double quotes required for Unix environment sed 's/.^H//g' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V and then Ctrl-H sed 's/.\x08//g' # hex expression for sed 1.5, GNU sed, ssed # get Usenet/e-mail message header sed '/^$/q' # deletes everything after first blank line # get Usenet/e-mail message body sed '1,/^$/d' # deletes everything up to first blank line # get Subject header, but remove initial "Subject: " portion sed '/^Subject: */!d; s///;q' # get return address header sed '/^Reply-To:/q; /^From:/h; /./d;g;q' # parse out the address proper. Pulls out the e-mail address by itself # from the 1-line return address header (see preceding script) sed 's/ *(.*)//; s/&gt;.*//; s/.*[:&lt;] *//' # add a leading angle bracket and space to each line (quote a message) sed 's/^/&gt; /' # delete leading angle bracket &amp; space from each line (unquote a message) sed 's/^&gt; //' # remove most HTML tags (accommodates multiple-line tags) sed -e :a -e 's/&lt;[^&gt;]*&gt;//g;/&lt;/N;//ba' # extract multi-part uuencoded binaries, removing extraneous header # info, so that only the uuencoded portion remains. Files passed to # sed must be passed in the proper order. Version 1 can be entered # from the command line; version 2 can be made into an executable # Unix shell script. (Modified from a script by Rahul Dhesi.) sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' file1 file2 ... fileX | uudecode # vers. 1 sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' "$&lt; at &gt;" | uudecode # vers. 2 # sort paragraphs of file alphabetically. Paragraphs are separated by blank # lines. GNU sed uses \v for vertical tab, or any unique char will do. sed '/./{H;d;};x;s/\n/={NL}=/g' file | sort | sed '1s/={NL}=//;s/={NL}=/\n/g' gsed '/./{H;d};x;y/\n/\v/' file | sort | sed '1s/\v//;y/\v/\n/' # zip up each .TXT file individually, deleting the source file and # setting the name of each .ZIP file to the basename of the .TXT file # (under DOS: the "dir /b" switch returns bare filenames in all caps). echo &lt; at &gt;echo off &gt;zipup.bat dir /b *.txt | sed "s/^\(.*\)\.TXT/pkzip -mo \1 \1.TXT/" &gt;&gt;zipup.bat TYPICAL USE: Sed takes one or more editing commands and applies all of them, in sequence, to each line of input. After all the commands have been applied to the first input line, that line is output and a second input line is taken for processing, and the cycle repeats. The preceding examples assume that input comes from the standard input device (i.e, the console, normally this will be piped input). One or more filenames can be appended to the command line if the input does not come from stdin. Output is sent to stdout (the screen). Thus: cat filename | sed '10q' # uses piped input sed '10q' filename # same effect, avoids a useless "cat" sed '10q' filename &gt; newfile # redirects output to disk For additional syntax instructions, including the way to apply editing commands from a disk file instead of the command line, consult "sed &amp; awk, 2nd Edition," by Dale Dougherty and Arnold Robbins (O'Reilly, 1997; http://www.ora.com), "UNIX Text Processing," by Dale Dougherty and Tim O'Reilly (Hayden Books, 1987) or the tutorials by Mike Arst distributed in U-SEDIT2.ZIP (many sites). To fully exploit the power of sed, one must understand "regular expressions." For this, see "Mastering Regular Expressions" by Jeffrey Friedl (O'Reilly, 1997). The manual ("man") pages on Unix systems may be helpful (try "man sed", "man regexp", or the subsection on regular expressions in "man ed"), but man pages are notoriously difficult. They are not written to teach sed use or regexps to first-time users, but as a reference text for those already acquainted with these tools. QUOTING SYNTAX: The preceding examples use single quotes ('...') instead of double quotes ("...") to enclose editing commands, since sed is typically used on a Unix platform. Single quotes prevent the Unix shell from intrepreting the dollar sign ($) and backquotes (`...`), which are expanded by the shell if they are enclosed in double quotes. Users of the "csh" shell and derivatives will also need to quote the exclamation mark (!) with the backslash (i.e., \!) to properly run the examples listed above, even within single quotes. Versions of sed written for DOS invariably require double quotes ("...") instead of single quotes to enclose editing commands. USE OF '\t' IN SED SCRIPTS: For clarity in documentation, we have used the expression '\t' to indicate a tab character (0x09) in the scripts. However, most versions of sed do not recognize the '\t' abbreviation, so when typing these scripts from the command line, you should press the TAB key instead. '\t' is supported as a regular expression metacharacter in awk, perl, and HHsed, sedmod, and GNU sed v3.02.80. VERSIONS OF SED: Versions of sed do differ, and some slight syntax variation is to be expected. In particular, most do not support the use of labels (:name) or branch instructions (b,t) within editing commands, except at the end of those commands. We have used the syntax which will be portable to most users of sed, even though the popular GNU versions of sed allow a more succinct syntax. When the reader sees a fairly long command such as this: sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d it is heartening to know that GNU sed will let you reduce it to: sed '/AAA/b;/BBB/b;/CCC/b;d' # or even sed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' In addition, remember that while many versions of sed accept a command like "/one/ s/RE1/RE2/", some do NOT allow "/one/! s/RE1/RE2/", which contains space before the 's'. Omit the space when typing the command. OPTIMIZING FOR SPEED: If execution speed needs to be increased (due to large input files or slow processors or hard disks), substitution will be executed more quickly if the "find" expression is specified before giving the "s/.../.../" instruction. Thus: sed 's/foo/bar/g' filename # standard replace command sed '/foo/ s/foo/bar/g' filename # executes more quickly sed '/foo/ s//bar/g' filename # shorthand sed syntax On line selection or deletion in which you only need to output lines from the first part of the file, a "quit" command (q) in the script will drastically reduce processing time for large files. Thus: sed -n '45,50p' filename # print line nos. 45-50 of a file sed -n '51q;45,50p' filename # same, but executes much faster If you have any additional scripts to contribute or if you find errors in this document, please send e-mail to the compiler. Indicate the version of sed you used, the operating system it was compiled for, and the nature of the problem. To qualify as a one-liner, the command line must be 65 characters or less. Various scripts in this file have been written or contributed by: Al Aab # founder of "seders" list Edgar Allen # various Yiorgos Adamopoulos # various Dale Dougherty # author of "sed &amp; awk" Carlos Duarte # author of "do it with sed" Eric Pement # author of this document Ken Pizzini # author of GNU sed v3.02 S.G. Ravenhall # great de-html script Greg Ubben # many contributions &amp; much help ------------------------------------------------------------------------- </pre> sed-users< at >yahoogroups.com 2013-05-01T17:24:56 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5945 <pre> ------------------------------------------------------------------------- USEFUL ONE-LINE SCRIPTS FOR SED (Unix stream editor) Dec. 29, 2005 Compiled by Eric Pement - pemente[at]northpark[dot]edu version 5.5 Latest version of this file (in English) is usually at: http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt http://www.pement.org/sed/sed1line.txt This file will also available in other languages: Chinese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_zh-CN.html Czech - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_cz.html Dutch - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_nl.html French - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_fr.html German - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_de.html Italian - (pending) Portuguese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_pt-BR.html Spanish - (pending) FILE SPACING: # double space a file sed G # double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file # should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text. sed '/^$/d;G' # triple space a file sed 'G;G' # undo double-spacing (assumes even-numbered lines are always blank) sed 'n;d' # insert a blank line above every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}' # insert a blank line below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/G' # insert a blank line above and below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}' NUMBERING: # number each line of a file (simple left alignment). Using a tab (see # note on '\t' at end of file) instead of space will preserve margins. sed = filename | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/' # number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned) sed = filename | sed 'N; s/^/ /; s/ *\(.\{6,\}\)\n/\1 /' # number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank sed '/./=' filename | sed '/./N; s/\n/ /' # count lines (emulates "wc -l") sed -n '$=' TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION: # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. sed 's/.$//' # assumes that all lines end with CR/LF sed 's/^M$//' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V then Ctrl-M sed 's/\x0D$//' # works on ssed, gsed 3.02.80 or higher # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$/`echo -e \\\r`/" # command line under ksh sed 's/$'"/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under bash sed "s/$/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under zsh sed 's/$/\r/' # gsed 3.02.80 or higher # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$//" # method 1 sed -n p # method 2 # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. # Can only be done with UnxUtils sed, version 4.0.7 or higher. The # UnxUtils version can be identified by the custom "--text" switch # which appears when you use the "--help" switch. Otherwise, changing # DOS newlines to Unix newlines cannot be done with sed in a DOS # environment. Use "tr" instead. sed "s/\r//" infile &gt;outfile # UnxUtils sed v4.0.7 or higher tr -d \r &lt;infile &gt;outfile # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher # delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line # aligns all text flush left sed 's/^[ \t]*//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line sed 's/[ \t]*$//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' # insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset) sed 's/^/ /' # align all text flush right on a 79-column width sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,78\}$/ &amp;/;ta' # set at 78 plus 1 space # center all text in the middle of 79-column width. In method 1, # spaces at the beginning of the line are significant, and trailing # spaces are appended at the end of the line. In method 2, spaces at # the beginning of the line are discarded in centering the line, and # no trailing spaces appear at the end of lines. sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &amp; /;ta' # method 1 sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &amp;/;ta' -e 's/\( *\)\1/\1/' # method 2 # substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line sed 's/foo/bar/' # replaces only 1st instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/4' # replaces only 4th instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/g' # replaces ALL instances in a line sed 's/\(.*\)foo\(.*foo\)/\1bar\2/' # replace the next-to-last case sed 's/\(.*\)foo/\1bar/' # replace only the last case # substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g' # substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g' # change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red" sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g' # most seds gsed 's/scarlet\|ruby\|puce/red/g' # GNU sed only # reverse order of lines (emulates "tac") # bug/feature in HHsed v1.5 causes blank lines to be deleted sed '1!G;h;$!d' # method 1 sed -n '1!G;h;$p' # method 2 # reverse each character on the line (emulates "rev") sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&amp;\2\1/;//D;s/.//' # join pairs of lines side-by-side (like "paste") sed '$!N;s/\n/ /' # if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it sed -e :a -e '/\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta' # if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line # and replace the "=" with a single space sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D' # add commas to numeric strings, changing "1234567" to "1,234,567" gsed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\&gt;/,&amp;/;ta' # GNU sed sed -e :a -e 's/\(.*[0-9]\)\([0-9]\{3\}\)/\1,\2/;ta' # other seds # add commas to numbers with decimal points and minus signs (GNU sed) gsed -r ':a;s/(^|[^0-9.])([0-9]+)([0-9]{3})/\1\2,\3/g;ta' # add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.) gsed '0~5G' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;G;' # other seds SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES: # print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head") sed 10q # print first line of file (emulates "head -1") sed q # print the last 10 lines of a file (emulates "tail") sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba' # print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2") sed '$!N;$!D' # print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1") sed '$!d' # method 1 sed -n '$p' # method 2 # print the next-to-the-last line of a file sed -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print blank line sed -e '1{$q;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print the line sed -e '1{$d;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print nothing # print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep") sed -n '/regexp/p' # method 1 sed '/regexp/!d' # method 2 # print only lines which do NOT match regexp (emulates "grep -v") sed -n '/regexp/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/regexp/d' # method 2, simpler syntax # print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{g;1!p;};h' # print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{n;p;}' # print 1 line of context before and after regexp, with line number # indicating where the regexp occurred (similar to "grep -A1 -B1") sed -n -e '/regexp/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed '/AAA/!d; /BBB/!d; /CCC/!d' # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order) sed '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/!d' # grep for AAA or BBB or CCC (emulates "egrep") sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d # most seds gsed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/!d' # GNU sed only # print paragraph if it contains AAA (blank lines separate paragraphs) # HHsed v1.5 must insert a 'G;' after 'x;' in the next 3 scripts below sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;' # print paragraph if it contains AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;/BBB/!d;/CCC/!d' # print paragraph if it contains AAA or BBB or CCC sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d gsed '/./{H;$!d;};x;/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' # GNU sed only # print only lines of 65 characters or longer sed -n '/^.\{65\}/p' # print only lines of less than 65 characters sed -n '/^.\{65\}/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/^.\{65\}/d' # method 2, simpler syntax # print section of file from regular expression to end of file sed -n '/regexp/,$p' # print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive) sed -n '8,12p' # method 1 sed '8,12!d' # method 2 # print line number 52 sed -n '52p' # method 1 sed '52!d' # method 2 sed '52q;d' # method 3, efficient on large files # beginning at line 3, print every 7th line gsed -n '3~7p' # GNU sed only sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;n;n;}' # other seds # print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive) sed -n '/Iowa/,/Montana/p' # case sensitive SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES: # print all of file EXCEPT section between 2 regular expressions sed '/Iowa/,/Montana/d' # delete duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates "uniq"). # First line in a set of duplicate lines is kept, rest are deleted. sed '$!N; /^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P; D' # delete duplicate, nonconsecutive lines from a file. Beware not to # overflow the buffer size of the hold space, or else use GNU sed. sed -n 'G; s/\n/&amp;&amp;/; /^\([ -~]*\n\).*\n\1/d; s/\n//; h; P' # delete all lines except duplicate lines (emulates "uniq -d"). sed '$!N; s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/; t; D' # delete the first 10 lines of a file sed '1,10d' # delete the last line of a file sed '$d' # delete the last 2 lines of a file sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d' # delete the last 10 lines of a file sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D' # method 1 sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba' # method 2 # delete every 8th line gsed '0~8d' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;n;n;n;d;' # other seds # delete lines matching pattern sed '/pattern/d' # delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ") sed '/^$/d' # method 1 sed '/./!d' # method 2 # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first; also # deletes all blank lines from top and end of file (emulates "cat -s") sed '/./,/^$/!d' # method 1, allows 0 blanks at top, 1 at EOF sed '/^$/N;/\n$/D' # method 2, allows 1 blank at top, 0 at EOF # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first 2: sed '/^$/N;/\n$/N;//D' # delete all leading blank lines at top of file sed '/./,$!d' # delete all trailing blank lines at end of file sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/{$d;N;ba' -e '}' # works on all seds sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/N;/\n$/ba' # ditto, except for gsed 3.02.* # delete the last line of each paragraph sed -n '/^$/{p;h;};/./{x;/./p;}' SPECIAL APPLICATIONS: # remove nroff overstrikes (char, backspace) from man pages. The 'echo' # command may need an -e switch if you use Unix System V or bash shell. sed "s/.`echo \\\b`//g" # double quotes required for Unix environment sed 's/.^H//g' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V and then Ctrl-H sed 's/.\x08//g' # hex expression for sed 1.5, GNU sed, ssed # get Usenet/e-mail message header sed '/^$/q' # deletes everything after first blank line # get Usenet/e-mail message body sed '1,/^$/d' # deletes everything up to first blank line # get Subject header, but remove initial "Subject: " portion sed '/^Subject: */!d; s///;q' # get return address header sed '/^Reply-To:/q; /^From:/h; /./d;g;q' # parse out the address proper. Pulls out the e-mail address by itself # from the 1-line return address header (see preceding script) sed 's/ *(.*)//; s/&gt;.*//; s/.*[:&lt;] *//' # add a leading angle bracket and space to each line (quote a message) sed 's/^/&gt; /' # delete leading angle bracket &amp; space from each line (unquote a message) sed 's/^&gt; //' # remove most HTML tags (accommodates multiple-line tags) sed -e :a -e 's/&lt;[^&gt;]*&gt;//g;/&lt;/N;//ba' # extract multi-part uuencoded binaries, removing extraneous header # info, so that only the uuencoded portion remains. Files passed to # sed must be passed in the proper order. Version 1 can be entered # from the command line; version 2 can be made into an executable # Unix shell script. (Modified from a script by Rahul Dhesi.) sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' file1 file2 ... fileX | uudecode # vers. 1 sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' "$&lt; at &gt;" | uudecode # vers. 2 # sort paragraphs of file alphabetically. Paragraphs are separated by blank # lines. GNU sed uses \v for vertical tab, or any unique char will do. sed '/./{H;d;};x;s/\n/={NL}=/g' file | sort | sed '1s/={NL}=//;s/={NL}=/\n/g' gsed '/./{H;d};x;y/\n/\v/' file | sort | sed '1s/\v//;y/\v/\n/' # zip up each .TXT file individually, deleting the source file and # setting the name of each .ZIP file to the basename of the .TXT file # (under DOS: the "dir /b" switch returns bare filenames in all caps). echo &lt; at &gt;echo off &gt;zipup.bat dir /b *.txt | sed "s/^\(.*\)\.TXT/pkzip -mo \1 \1.TXT/" &gt;&gt;zipup.bat TYPICAL USE: Sed takes one or more editing commands and applies all of them, in sequence, to each line of input. After all the commands have been applied to the first input line, that line is output and a second input line is taken for processing, and the cycle repeats. The preceding examples assume that input comes from the standard input device (i.e, the console, normally this will be piped input). One or more filenames can be appended to the command line if the input does not come from stdin. Output is sent to stdout (the screen). Thus: cat filename | sed '10q' # uses piped input sed '10q' filename # same effect, avoids a useless "cat" sed '10q' filename &gt; newfile # redirects output to disk For additional syntax instructions, including the way to apply editing commands from a disk file instead of the command line, consult "sed &amp; awk, 2nd Edition," by Dale Dougherty and Arnold Robbins (O'Reilly, 1997; http://www.ora.com), "UNIX Text Processing," by Dale Dougherty and Tim O'Reilly (Hayden Books, 1987) or the tutorials by Mike Arst distributed in U-SEDIT2.ZIP (many sites). To fully exploit the power of sed, one must understand "regular expressions." For this, see "Mastering Regular Expressions" by Jeffrey Friedl (O'Reilly, 1997). The manual ("man") pages on Unix systems may be helpful (try "man sed", "man regexp", or the subsection on regular expressions in "man ed"), but man pages are notoriously difficult. They are not written to teach sed use or regexps to first-time users, but as a reference text for those already acquainted with these tools. QUOTING SYNTAX: The preceding examples use single quotes ('...') instead of double quotes ("...") to enclose editing commands, since sed is typically used on a Unix platform. Single quotes prevent the Unix shell from intrepreting the dollar sign ($) and backquotes (`...`), which are expanded by the shell if they are enclosed in double quotes. Users of the "csh" shell and derivatives will also need to quote the exclamation mark (!) with the backslash (i.e., \!) to properly run the examples listed above, even within single quotes. Versions of sed written for DOS invariably require double quotes ("...") instead of single quotes to enclose editing commands. USE OF '\t' IN SED SCRIPTS: For clarity in documentation, we have used the expression '\t' to indicate a tab character (0x09) in the scripts. However, most versions of sed do not recognize the '\t' abbreviation, so when typing these scripts from the command line, you should press the TAB key instead. '\t' is supported as a regular expression metacharacter in awk, perl, and HHsed, sedmod, and GNU sed v3.02.80. VERSIONS OF SED: Versions of sed do differ, and some slight syntax variation is to be expected. In particular, most do not support the use of labels (:name) or branch instructions (b,t) within editing commands, except at the end of those commands. We have used the syntax which will be portable to most users of sed, even though the popular GNU versions of sed allow a more succinct syntax. When the reader sees a fairly long command such as this: sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d it is heartening to know that GNU sed will let you reduce it to: sed '/AAA/b;/BBB/b;/CCC/b;d' # or even sed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' In addition, remember that while many versions of sed accept a command like "/one/ s/RE1/RE2/", some do NOT allow "/one/! s/RE1/RE2/", which contains space before the 's'. Omit the space when typing the command. OPTIMIZING FOR SPEED: If execution speed needs to be increased (due to large input files or slow processors or hard disks), substitution will be executed more quickly if the "find" expression is specified before giving the "s/.../.../" instruction. Thus: sed 's/foo/bar/g' filename # standard replace command sed '/foo/ s/foo/bar/g' filename # executes more quickly sed '/foo/ s//bar/g' filename # shorthand sed syntax On line selection or deletion in which you only need to output lines from the first part of the file, a "quit" command (q) in the script will drastically reduce processing time for large files. Thus: sed -n '45,50p' filename # print line nos. 45-50 of a file sed -n '51q;45,50p' filename # same, but executes much faster If you have any additional scripts to contribute or if you find errors in this document, please send e-mail to the compiler. Indicate the version of sed you used, the operating system it was compiled for, and the nature of the problem. To qualify as a one-liner, the command line must be 65 characters or less. Various scripts in this file have been written or contributed by: Al Aab # founder of "seders" list Edgar Allen # various Yiorgos Adamopoulos # various Dale Dougherty # author of "sed &amp; awk" Carlos Duarte # author of "do it with sed" Eric Pement # author of this document Ken Pizzini # author of GNU sed v3.02 S.G. Ravenhall # great de-html script Greg Ubben # many contributions &amp; much help ------------------------------------------------------------------------- </pre> sed-users< at >yahoogroups.com 2013-04-01T15:05:33 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5938 <pre>Hi, Someone can give me a simple sed commande for doing the following. My file . Num ; Count ; 8 ; 1 ; 9 ; 1 ; 9 ; 1 ; 9 ; 1 ; 10 ; 1 ; 10 ; 1 ; 10 ; 1 ; 11 ; 1 ; 12 ; 1 ; 12 ; 1 ; I would like the following result with sed. Num ; Count ; 8 ; 1 ; 9 ; 3 ; 10 ; 3 ; 11 ; 1 ; 12 ; 2 ; Any help will be really appreciate. Best regards. __________________________ Avant d'imprimer, pensez à l'environnement ! Please consider the environment before printing ! Ce message et toutes ses pièces jointes sont confidentiels et établis à l'intention exclusive de ses destinataires. Toute utilisation non conforme à sa destination, toute diffusion ou toute publication, totale ou partielle, est interdite, sauf autorisation expresse. IFP Energies nouvelles décline toute responsabilité au titre de ce message. This message and any attachments are confidential and intended solely for the addressees. Any unauthorised use or dissemination is prohibited. IFP Energies nouvelles should not be liable for this message. __________________________ </pre> MOKRANI Rachid 2013-03-29T13:43:44 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5934 <pre>Hi, I have a file with fews colums, like the following (I can have more than 3 columns) . Some lines have 2 records (or more), and other 3 records (or more). bug_id ; creation_ts ; State ; 9 ; 2013-03-21 11 ; 2013-03-21 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; Y ; 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; Z ; I would like to obtain something like the following with sed command. bug_id ; creation_ts ; State ; 9 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A ; 11 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A ; 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; Y ; 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; Z ; Any help will be really appreciate. Best regards. __________________________ Avant d'imprimer, pensez à l'environnement ! Please consider the environment before printing ! Ce message et toutes ses pièces jointes sont confidentiels et établis à l'intention exclusive de ses destinataires. Toute utilisation non conforme à sa destination, toute diffusion ou toute publication, totale ou partielle, est interdite, sauf autorisation expresse. IFP Energies nouvelles décline toute responsabilité au titre de ce message. This message and any attachments are confidential and intended solely for the addressees. Any unauthorised use or dissemination is prohibited. IFP Energies nouvelles should not be liable for this message. __________________________ </pre> MOKRANI Rachid 2013-03-28T12:52:48 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5933 <pre>Hi, I don't know how to concatenate two files with row. The first file is : cat /tmp/file1 bug_id ; creation_ts ; bug_severity 8 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A 9 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur 10 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur 11 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A The second file is : cat /tmp/file2 bug_id ; bug_when ; added 9 ; 2013-03-21 15:49:44 ; CONFIRME 10 ; 2013-03-21 15:04:56 ; CONFIRME 11 ; 2013-03-21 15:56:59 ; CONFIRME 12 ; 2013-03-25 17:09:09 ; CONFIRME I don't know how to obtain the following result . bug_id ; creation_ts ; bug_severity ; bug_when ; added ; 8 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A ; ; ; 9 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:49:44 ; CONFIRME ; 10 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:04:56 ; CONFIRME ; 11 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:56:59 ; CONFIRME ; 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; 2013-03-25 17:09:09 ; CONFIRME ; 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; ; ; OR the following bug_id ; creation_ts ; bug_severity ; bug_when ; added ; 8 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A ; TEST ; TEST ; 9 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:49:44 ; CONFIRME ; 10 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:04:56 ; CONFIRME ; 11 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:56:59 ; CONFIRME ; 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; 2013-03-25 17:09:09 ; CONFIRME ; 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; TEST ; TEST ; Any help will be really appreciate. Best regards. </pre> MOKRANI Rachid 2013-03-27T15:40:19 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5932 <pre>Hi, I don't know how to concatenate two files with row. The first file is : cat /tmp/file1 bug_id ; creation_ts ; bug_severity 8 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A 9 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur 10 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur 11 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A The second file is : cat /tmp/file2 bug_id ; bug_when ; added 9 ; 2013-03-21 15:49:44 ; CONFIRME 10 ; 2013-03-21 15:04:56 ; CONFIRME 11 ; 2013-03-21 15:56:59 ; CONFIRME 12 ; 2013-03-25 17:09:09 ; CONFIRME I don't know how to obtain the following result . bug_id ; creation_ts ; bug_severity ; bug_when ; added ; 8 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A ; ; ; 9 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:49:44 ; CONFIRME ; 10 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:04:56 ; CONFIRME ; 11 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:56:59 ; CONFIRME ; 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; 2013-03-25 17:09:09 ; CONFIRME ; 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; ; ; OR the following bug_id ; creation_ts ; bug_severity ; bug_when ; added ; 8 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A ; TEST ; TEST ; 9 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:49:44 ; CONFIRME ; 10 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:04:56 ; CONFIRME ; 11 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:56:59 ; CONFIRME ; 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; 2013-03-25 17:09:09 ; CONFIRME ; 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; TEST ; TEST ; Any help will be really appreciate. Best regards. </pre> MOKRANI Rachid 2013-03-27T15:02:34 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5930 <pre>Hi, I don't know how to concatenate two files with row. The first file is : cat /tmp/file1 bug_id ; creation_ts ; bug_severity 8 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A 9 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur 10 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur 11 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A The second file is : cat /tmp/file2 bug_id ; bug_when ; added 9 ; 2013-03-21 15:49:44 ; CONFIRME 10 ; 2013-03-21 15:04:56 ; CONFIRME 11 ; 2013-03-21 15:56:59 ; CONFIRME 12 ; 2013-03-25 17:09:09 ; CONFIRME I don't know how to obtain the following result . bug_id ; creation_ts ; bug_severity ; bug_when ; added ; 8 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A ; ; ; 9 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:49:44 ; CONFIRME ; 10 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:04:56 ; CONFIRME ; 11 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:56:59 ; CONFIRME ; 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; 2013-03-25 17:09:09 ; CONFIRME ; 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; ; ; OR the following bug_id ; creation_ts ; bug_severity ; bug_when ; added ; 8 ; 2013-03-21 ; N/A ; TEST ; TEST ; 9 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:49:44 ; CONFIRME ; 10 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:04:56 ; CONFIRME ; 11 ; 2013-03-21 ; Mineur ; 2013-03-21 15:56:59 ; CONFIRME ; 12 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; 2013-03-25 17:09:09 ; CONFIRME ; 13 ; 2013-03-25 ; N/A ; TEST ; TEST ; Any help will be really appreciate. Best regards. __________________________ Avant d'imprimer, pensez à l'environnement ! Please consider the environment before printing ! Ce message et toutes ses pièces jointes sont confidentiels et établis à l'intention exclusive de ses destinataires. Toute utilisation non conforme à sa destination, toute diffusion ou toute publication, totale ou partielle, est interdite, sauf autorisation expresse. IFP Energies nouvelles décline toute responsabilité au titre de ce message. This message and any attachments are confidential and intended solely for the addressees. Any unauthorised use or dissemination is prohibited. IFP Energies nouvelles should not be liable for this message. __________________________ </pre> MOKRANI Rachid 2013-03-27T14:55:04 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5925 <pre> sed '/^$/d;G' 1. what is ^$ meaning ? 2. what is ; meaning? 3. what is G meaning ? thanks! </pre> ishare 2013-03-15T01:03:19 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5923 <pre> I have a file named by "1", its content is xyz 123 dfd xyzdfdf when I typed : sed 'p' 1 . it print out : xyz xyz 123 123 dfd dfd xyzdfdf xyzdfdf Obviously ,every line has been duplicated once ,why is this result? thanks! </pre> ishare 2013-03-14T13:42:59 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5914 <pre> ------------------------------------------------------------------------- USEFUL ONE-LINE SCRIPTS FOR SED (Unix stream editor) Dec. 29, 2005 Compiled by Eric Pement - pemente[at]northpark[dot]edu version 5.5 Latest version of this file (in English) is usually at: http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt http://www.pement.org/sed/sed1line.txt This file will also available in other languages: Chinese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_zh-CN.html Czech - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_cz.html Dutch - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_nl.html French - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_fr.html German - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_de.html Italian - (pending) Portuguese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_pt-BR.html Spanish - (pending) FILE SPACING: # double space a file sed G # double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file # should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text. sed '/^$/d;G' # triple space a file sed 'G;G' # undo double-spacing (assumes even-numbered lines are always blank) sed 'n;d' # insert a blank line above every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}' # insert a blank line below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/G' # insert a blank line above and below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}' NUMBERING: # number each line of a file (simple left alignment). Using a tab (see # note on '\t' at end of file) instead of space will preserve margins. sed = filename | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/' # number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned) sed = filename | sed 'N; s/^/ /; s/ *\(.\{6,\}\)\n/\1 /' # number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank sed '/./=' filename | sed '/./N; s/\n/ /' # count lines (emulates "wc -l") sed -n '$=' TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION: # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. sed 's/.$//' # assumes that all lines end with CR/LF sed 's/^M$//' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V then Ctrl-M sed 's/\x0D$//' # works on ssed, gsed 3.02.80 or higher # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$/`echo -e \\\r`/" # command line under ksh sed 's/$'"/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under bash sed "s/$/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under zsh sed 's/$/\r/' # gsed 3.02.80 or higher # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$//" # method 1 sed -n p # method 2 # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. # Can only be done with UnxUtils sed, version 4.0.7 or higher. The # UnxUtils version can be identified by the custom "--text" switch # which appears when you use the "--help" switch. Otherwise, changing # DOS newlines to Unix newlines cannot be done with sed in a DOS # environment. Use "tr" instead. sed "s/\r//" infile &gt;outfile # UnxUtils sed v4.0.7 or higher tr -d \r &lt;infile &gt;outfile # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher # delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line # aligns all text flush left sed 's/^[ \t]*//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line sed 's/[ \t]*$//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' # insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset) sed 's/^/ /' # align all text flush right on a 79-column width sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,78\}$/ &amp;/;ta' # set at 78 plus 1 space # center all text in the middle of 79-column width. In method 1, # spaces at the beginning of the line are significant, and trailing # spaces are appended at the end of the line. In method 2, spaces at # the beginning of the line are discarded in centering the line, and # no trailing spaces appear at the end of lines. sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &amp; /;ta' # method 1 sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &amp;/;ta' -e 's/\( *\)\1/\1/' # method 2 # substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line sed 's/foo/bar/' # replaces only 1st instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/4' # replaces only 4th instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/g' # replaces ALL instances in a line sed 's/\(.*\)foo\(.*foo\)/\1bar\2/' # replace the next-to-last case sed 's/\(.*\)foo/\1bar/' # replace only the last case # substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g' # substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g' # change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red" sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g' # most seds gsed 's/scarlet\|ruby\|puce/red/g' # GNU sed only # reverse order of lines (emulates "tac") # bug/feature in HHsed v1.5 causes blank lines to be deleted sed '1!G;h;$!d' # method 1 sed -n '1!G;h;$p' # method 2 # reverse each character on the line (emulates "rev") sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&amp;\2\1/;//D;s/.//' # join pairs of lines side-by-side (like "paste") sed '$!N;s/\n/ /' # if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it sed -e :a -e '/\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta' # if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line # and replace the "=" with a single space sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D' # add commas to numeric strings, changing "1234567" to "1,234,567" gsed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\&gt;/,&amp;/;ta' # GNU sed sed -e :a -e 's/\(.*[0-9]\)\([0-9]\{3\}\)/\1,\2/;ta' # other seds # add commas to numbers with decimal points and minus signs (GNU sed) gsed -r ':a;s/(^|[^0-9.])([0-9]+)([0-9]{3})/\1\2,\3/g;ta' # add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.) gsed '0~5G' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;G;' # other seds SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES: # print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head") sed 10q # print first line of file (emulates "head -1") sed q # print the last 10 lines of a file (emulates "tail") sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba' # print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2") sed '$!N;$!D' # print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1") sed '$!d' # method 1 sed -n '$p' # method 2 # print the next-to-the-last line of a file sed -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print blank line sed -e '1{$q;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print the line sed -e '1{$d;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print nothing # print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep") sed -n '/regexp/p' # method 1 sed '/regexp/!d' # method 2 # print only lines which do NOT match regexp (emulates "grep -v") sed -n '/regexp/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/regexp/d' # method 2, simpler syntax # print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{g;1!p;};h' # print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{n;p;}' # print 1 line of context before and after regexp, with line number # indicating where the regexp occurred (similar to "grep -A1 -B1") sed -n -e '/regexp/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed '/AAA/!d; /BBB/!d; /CCC/!d' # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order) sed '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/!d' # grep for AAA or BBB or CCC (emulates "egrep") sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d # most seds gsed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/!d' # GNU sed only # print paragraph if it contains AAA (blank lines separate paragraphs) # HHsed v1.5 must insert a 'G;' after 'x;' in the next 3 scripts below sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;' # print paragraph if it contains AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;/BBB/!d;/CCC/!d' # print paragraph if it contains AAA or BBB or CCC sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d gsed '/./{H;$!d;};x;/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' # GNU sed only # print only lines of 65 characters or longer sed -n '/^.\{65\}/p' # print only lines of less than 65 characters sed -n '/^.\{65\}/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/^.\{65\}/d' # method 2, simpler syntax # print section of file from regular expression to end of file sed -n '/regexp/,$p' # print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive) sed -n '8,12p' # method 1 sed '8,12!d' # method 2 # print line number 52 sed -n '52p' # method 1 sed '52!d' # method 2 sed '52q;d' # method 3, efficient on large files # beginning at line 3, print every 7th line gsed -n '3~7p' # GNU sed only sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;n;n;}' # other seds # print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive) sed -n '/Iowa/,/Montana/p' # case sensitive SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES: # print all of file EXCEPT section between 2 regular expressions sed '/Iowa/,/Montana/d' # delete duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates "uniq"). # First line in a set of duplicate lines is kept, rest are deleted. sed '$!N; /^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P; D' # delete duplicate, nonconsecutive lines from a file. Beware not to # overflow the buffer size of the hold space, or else use GNU sed. sed -n 'G; s/\n/&amp;&amp;/; /^\([ -~]*\n\).*\n\1/d; s/\n//; h; P' # delete all lines except duplicate lines (emulates "uniq -d"). sed '$!N; s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/; t; D' # delete the first 10 lines of a file sed '1,10d' # delete the last line of a file sed '$d' # delete the last 2 lines of a file sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d' # delete the last 10 lines of a file sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D' # method 1 sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba' # method 2 # delete every 8th line gsed '0~8d' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;n;n;n;d;' # other seds # delete lines matching pattern sed '/pattern/d' # delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ") sed '/^$/d' # method 1 sed '/./!d' # method 2 # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first; also # deletes all blank lines from top and end of file (emulates "cat -s") sed '/./,/^$/!d' # method 1, allows 0 blanks at top, 1 at EOF sed '/^$/N;/\n$/D' # method 2, allows 1 blank at top, 0 at EOF # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first 2: sed '/^$/N;/\n$/N;//D' # delete all leading blank lines at top of file sed '/./,$!d' # delete all trailing blank lines at end of file sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/{$d;N;ba' -e '}' # works on all seds sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/N;/\n$/ba' # ditto, except for gsed 3.02.* # delete the last line of each paragraph sed -n '/^$/{p;h;};/./{x;/./p;}' SPECIAL APPLICATIONS: # remove nroff overstrikes (char, backspace) from man pages. The 'echo' # command may need an -e switch if you use Unix System V or bash shell. sed "s/.`echo \\\b`//g" # double quotes required for Unix environment sed 's/.^H//g' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V and then Ctrl-H sed 's/.\x08//g' # hex expression for sed 1.5, GNU sed, ssed # get Usenet/e-mail message header sed '/^$/q' # deletes everything after first blank line # get Usenet/e-mail message body sed '1,/^$/d' # deletes everything up to first blank line # get Subject header, but remove initial "Subject: " portion sed '/^Subject: */!d; s///;q' # get return address header sed '/^Reply-To:/q; /^From:/h; /./d;g;q' # parse out the address proper. Pulls out the e-mail address by itself # from the 1-line return address header (see preceding script) sed 's/ *(.*)//; s/&gt;.*//; s/.*[:&lt;] *//' # add a leading angle bracket and space to each line (quote a message) sed 's/^/&gt; /' # delete leading angle bracket &amp; space from each line (unquote a message) sed 's/^&gt; //' # remove most HTML tags (accommodates multiple-line tags) sed -e :a -e 's/&lt;[^&gt;]*&gt;//g;/&lt;/N;//ba' # extract multi-part uuencoded binaries, removing extraneous header # info, so that only the uuencoded portion remains. Files passed to # sed must be passed in the proper order. Version 1 can be entered # from the command line; version 2 can be made into an executable # Unix shell script. (Modified from a script by Rahul Dhesi.) sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' file1 file2 ... fileX | uudecode # vers. 1 sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' "$&lt; at &gt;" | uudecode # vers. 2 # sort paragraphs of file alphabetically. Paragraphs are separated by blank # lines. GNU sed uses \v for vertical tab, or any unique char will do. sed '/./{H;d;};x;s/\n/={NL}=/g' file | sort | sed '1s/={NL}=//;s/={NL}=/\n/g' gsed '/./{H;d};x;y/\n/\v/' file | sort | sed '1s/\v//;y/\v/\n/' # zip up each .TXT file individually, deleting the source file and # setting the name of each .ZIP file to the basename of the .TXT file # (under DOS: the "dir /b" switch returns bare filenames in all caps). echo &lt; at &gt;echo off &gt;zipup.bat dir /b *.txt | sed "s/^\(.*\)\.TXT/pkzip -mo \1 \1.TXT/" &gt;&gt;zipup.bat TYPICAL USE: Sed takes one or more editing commands and applies all of them, in sequence, to each line of input. After all the commands have been applied to the first input line, that line is output and a second input line is taken for processing, and the cycle repeats. The preceding examples assume that input comes from the standard input device (i.e, the console, normally this will be piped input). One or more filenames can be appended to the command line if the input does not come from stdin. Output is sent to stdout (the screen). Thus: cat filename | sed '10q' # uses piped input sed '10q' filename # same effect, avoids a useless "cat" sed '10q' filename &gt; newfile # redirects output to disk For additional syntax instructions, including the way to apply editing commands from a disk file instead of the command line, consult "sed &amp; awk, 2nd Edition," by Dale Dougherty and Arnold Robbins (O'Reilly, 1997; http://www.ora.com), "UNIX Text Processing," by Dale Dougherty and Tim O'Reilly (Hayden Books, 1987) or the tutorials by Mike Arst distributed in U-SEDIT2.ZIP (many sites). To fully exploit the power of sed, one must understand "regular expressions." For this, see "Mastering Regular Expressions" by Jeffrey Friedl (O'Reilly, 1997). The manual ("man") pages on Unix systems may be helpful (try "man sed", "man regexp", or the subsection on regular expressions in "man ed"), but man pages are notoriously difficult. They are not written to teach sed use or regexps to first-time users, but as a reference text for those already acquainted with these tools. QUOTING SYNTAX: The preceding examples use single quotes ('...') instead of double quotes ("...") to enclose editing commands, since sed is typically used on a Unix platform. Single quotes prevent the Unix shell from intrepreting the dollar sign ($) and backquotes (`...`), which are expanded by the shell if they are enclosed in double quotes. Users of the "csh" shell and derivatives will also need to quote the exclamation mark (!) with the backslash (i.e., \!) to properly run the examples listed above, even within single quotes. Versions of sed written for DOS invariably require double quotes ("...") instead of single quotes to enclose editing commands. USE OF '\t' IN SED SCRIPTS: For clarity in documentation, we have used the expression '\t' to indicate a tab character (0x09) in the scripts. However, most versions of sed do not recognize the '\t' abbreviation, so when typing these scripts from the command line, you should press the TAB key instead. '\t' is supported as a regular expression metacharacter in awk, perl, and HHsed, sedmod, and GNU sed v3.02.80. VERSIONS OF SED: Versions of sed do differ, and some slight syntax variation is to be expected. In particular, most do not support the use of labels (:name) or branch instructions (b,t) within editing commands, except at the end of those commands. We have used the syntax which will be portable to most users of sed, even though the popular GNU versions of sed allow a more succinct syntax. When the reader sees a fairly long command such as this: sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d it is heartening to know that GNU sed will let you reduce it to: sed '/AAA/b;/BBB/b;/CCC/b;d' # or even sed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' In addition, remember that while many versions of sed accept a command like "/one/ s/RE1/RE2/", some do NOT allow "/one/! s/RE1/RE2/", which contains space before the 's'. Omit the space when typing the command. OPTIMIZING FOR SPEED: If execution speed needs to be increased (due to large input files or slow processors or hard disks), substitution will be executed more quickly if the "find" expression is specified before giving the "s/.../.../" instruction. Thus: sed 's/foo/bar/g' filename # standard replace command sed '/foo/ s/foo/bar/g' filename # executes more quickly sed '/foo/ s//bar/g' filename # shorthand sed syntax On line selection or deletion in which you only need to output lines from the first part of the file, a "quit" command (q) in the script will drastically reduce processing time for large files. Thus: sed -n '45,50p' filename # print line nos. 45-50 of a file sed -n '51q;45,50p' filename # same, but executes much faster If you have any additional scripts to contribute or if you find errors in this document, please send e-mail to the compiler. Indicate the version of sed you used, the operating system it was compiled for, and the nature of the problem. To qualify as a one-liner, the command line must be 65 characters or less. Various scripts in this file have been written or contributed by: Al Aab # founder of "seders" list Edgar Allen # various Yiorgos Adamopoulos # various Dale Dougherty # author of "sed &amp; awk" Carlos Duarte # author of "do it with sed" Eric Pement # author of this document Ken Pizzini # author of GNU sed v3.02 S.G. Ravenhall # great de-html script Greg Ubben # many contributions &amp; much help ------------------------------------------------------------------------- </pre> sed-users< at >yahoogroups.com 2013-03-02T08:43:11 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5907 <pre>&lt; at &gt;echo off dir /b /s | find ".pscx" &gt; mydir.txt pushd . for /F "delims==" %%a in (mydir.txt) do ( echo "%%a" sed -i "s/1.0101/1.0400/g" "%%a" &gt; junk.txt move junk.txt "%%a" ) popd del mydir.txt ------------------- I wrote the above code to change 1.0101 to 1.0400 in all .pscx files in all directories from where I am executing this batch file. I read SED manual and it said -i option would directly change .pscx files but it complained. So I directed the output to junk.txt. I wanted to move junk.txt back to .pscx file. It is this part of the above script that's not working. Any suggestions why -i is not working and how I can make the above to work? Thanx Kailash </pre> goshainganj 2013-02-15T10:51:30 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5906 <pre>I started a new topic (should have done this before), because this has diverged from N / N+1 topic. You can see previous posts under N / N+1 topic. I know this "mangling" is not directly about sed. But I think it matters that everyone sees syntax as a poster intended. Thanks for sending screenshot of your MUA. I repeated the test from a test yahoo group I made. Email sent to Thunderbird email client displays the syntax correctly. So not a total failure. MUA works. But here's the apparent score so far, for three environments: A) yahoo groups archive mangles some syntax. B) yahoo email reader mangles some syntax. C) MUA (Thunderbird and at least one other) works. Two out of three tested environments seem subject to failure. Kind of a problem... Especially because A) should be the archive, the common reference. The basic cause seems to be yahoo "knows about" HTML tags and entities, is not a text-only thing. But our discussion are really text-only (I think). I have no idea how often this arises in practice. Certainly caused me confusion in viewing (on web site) N / N+1 replies. The replies seemed way off. Then I looked back at mine, saw the mangling... A partial workaround might be "don't use LT and GT as word delimiters when posting", use \b instead. Here's some tests I devised. If anyone wants, you can see what gets mangled in your environment. In my tests, 2, 4, 6, 7, 16, 17, 18, 19 don't display properly for environments A) and B). Dan #1 - Using \bfoo\b syntax: s:(.*)\bfoo\b(.*)\n(.*)\bbar\b(.*):\1FOO\2\n\3BAR\4: #2 - Using \&lt; \&gt; (BackSlash-LT BackSlash-GT) syntax: s:(.*)\&lt;foo\&gt;(.*)\n(.*)\&lt;bar\&gt;(.*):\1FOO\2\n\3BAR\4: #3 Using HTML entities for GT and LT: s:(.*)\&amp;lt;foo\&amp;gt;(.*)\n(.*)\&amp;lt;bar\&amp;gt;(.*):\1FOO\2\n\3BAR\4: #4 \&lt;foo\&gt; is foo surrounded by BackSlash-LT and BackSlash-GT. #5 \&amp;lt;foo\&amp;gt; is same as #4, with HTML entities for LT and GT. #6 &amp;bull; is HTML bull entity. Displays as bullet or as literal? #7 &amp;nbsp; is HTML nbsp entity. Shows space or literal? #8 &lt; is LT all by it's lonesome. #9 &amp;lt; is also LT, but as HTML entity. #10 &gt; is GT all by it's lonesome. #11 &amp;gt; is also GT, but as HTML entity. #12 \&lt; is BackSlash-LT all by it's lonesome. #13 \&amp;lt; is also BackSlash-LT, but LT as HTML entity. #14 \&gt; is BackSlash-GT all by it's lonesome. #15 \&amp;gt; is also BackSlash-GT, but GT as HTML entity. #16 &lt;strong&gt;Hi&lt;/strong&gt; is Hi surrounded by "strong" tags. #17 &lt;i&gt;Hello&lt;/i&gt; is Hello surrounded by "italic" tags. #18 &lt;br&gt; is HTML br tag. Shows as literal? #19 &lt;p&gt; is HTML p tag. Shows as literal? </pre> Daniel 2013-02-05T04:18:37 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5900 <pre> ------------------------------------------------------------------------- USEFUL ONE-LINE SCRIPTS FOR SED (Unix stream editor) Dec. 29, 2005 Compiled by Eric Pement - pemente[at]northpark[dot]edu version 5.5 Latest version of this file (in English) is usually at: http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt http://www.pement.org/sed/sed1line.txt This file will also available in other languages: Chinese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_zh-CN.html Czech - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_cz.html Dutch - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_nl.html French - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_fr.html German - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_de.html Italian - (pending) Portuguese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_pt-BR.html Spanish - (pending) FILE SPACING: # double space a file sed G # double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file # should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text. sed '/^$/d;G' # triple space a file sed 'G;G' # undo double-spacing (assumes even-numbered lines are always blank) sed 'n;d' # insert a blank line above every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}' # insert a blank line below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/G' # insert a blank line above and below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}' NUMBERING: # number each line of a file (simple left alignment). Using a tab (see # note on '\t' at end of file) instead of space will preserve margins. sed = filename | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/' # number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned) sed = filename | sed 'N; s/^/ /; s/ *\(.\{6,\}\)\n/\1 /' # number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank sed '/./=' filename | sed '/./N; s/\n/ /' # count lines (emulates "wc -l") sed -n '$=' TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION: # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. sed 's/.$//' # assumes that all lines end with CR/LF sed 's/^M$//' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V then Ctrl-M sed 's/\x0D$//' # works on ssed, gsed 3.02.80 or higher # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$/`echo -e \\\r`/" # command line under ksh sed 's/$'"/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under bash sed "s/$/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under zsh sed 's/$/\r/' # gsed 3.02.80 or higher # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$//" # method 1 sed -n p # method 2 # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. # Can only be done with UnxUtils sed, version 4.0.7 or higher. The # UnxUtils version can be identified by the custom "--text" switch # which appears when you use the "--help" switch. Otherwise, changing # DOS newlines to Unix newlines cannot be done with sed in a DOS # environment. Use "tr" instead. sed "s/\r//" infile &gt;outfile # UnxUtils sed v4.0.7 or higher tr -d \r &lt;infile &gt;outfile # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher # delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line # aligns all text flush left sed 's/^[ \t]*//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line sed 's/[ \t]*$//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' # insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset) sed 's/^/ /' # align all text flush right on a 79-column width sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,78\}$/ &amp;/;ta' # set at 78 plus 1 space # center all text in the middle of 79-column width. In method 1, # spaces at the beginning of the line are significant, and trailing # spaces are appended at the end of the line. In method 2, spaces at # the beginning of the line are discarded in centering the line, and # no trailing spaces appear at the end of lines. sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &amp; /;ta' # method 1 sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &amp;/;ta' -e 's/\( *\)\1/\1/' # method 2 # substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line sed 's/foo/bar/' # replaces only 1st instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/4' # replaces only 4th instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/g' # replaces ALL instances in a line sed 's/\(.*\)foo\(.*foo\)/\1bar\2/' # replace the next-to-last case sed 's/\(.*\)foo/\1bar/' # replace only the last case # substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g' # substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g' # change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red" sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g' # most seds gsed 's/scarlet\|ruby\|puce/red/g' # GNU sed only # reverse order of lines (emulates "tac") # bug/feature in HHsed v1.5 causes blank lines to be deleted sed '1!G;h;$!d' # method 1 sed -n '1!G;h;$p' # method 2 # reverse each character on the line (emulates "rev") sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&amp;\2\1/;//D;s/.//' # join pairs of lines side-by-side (like "paste") sed '$!N;s/\n/ /' # if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it sed -e :a -e '/\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta' # if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line # and replace the "=" with a single space sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D' # add commas to numeric strings, changing "1234567" to "1,234,567" gsed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\&gt;/,&amp;/;ta' # GNU sed sed -e :a -e 's/\(.*[0-9]\)\([0-9]\{3\}\)/\1,\2/;ta' # other seds # add commas to numbers with decimal points and minus signs (GNU sed) gsed -r ':a;s/(^|[^0-9.])([0-9]+)([0-9]{3})/\1\2,\3/g;ta' # add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.) gsed '0~5G' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;G;' # other seds SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES: # print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head") sed 10q # print first line of file (emulates "head -1") sed q # print the last 10 lines of a file (emulates "tail") sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba' # print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2") sed '$!N;$!D' # print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1") sed '$!d' # method 1 sed -n '$p' # method 2 # print the next-to-the-last line of a file sed -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print blank line sed -e '1{$q;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print the line sed -e '1{$d;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print nothing # print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep") sed -n '/regexp/p' # method 1 sed '/regexp/!d' # method 2 # print only lines which do NOT match regexp (emulates "grep -v") sed -n '/regexp/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/regexp/d' # method 2, simpler syntax # print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{g;1!p;};h' # print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{n;p;}' # print 1 line of context before and after regexp, with line number # indicating where the regexp occurred (similar to "grep -A1 -B1") sed -n -e '/regexp/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed '/AAA/!d; /BBB/!d; /CCC/!d' # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order) sed '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/!d' # grep for AAA or BBB or CCC (emulates "egrep") sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d # most seds gsed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/!d' # GNU sed only # print paragraph if it contains AAA (blank lines separate paragraphs) # HHsed v1.5 must insert a 'G;' after 'x;' in the next 3 scripts below sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;' # print paragraph if it contains AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;/BBB/!d;/CCC/!d' # print paragraph if it contains AAA or BBB or CCC sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d gsed '/./{H;$!d;};x;/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' # GNU sed only # print only lines of 65 characters or longer sed -n '/^.\{65\}/p' # print only lines of less than 65 characters sed -n '/^.\{65\}/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/^.\{65\}/d' # method 2, simpler syntax # print section of file from regular expression to end of file sed -n '/regexp/,$p' # print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive) sed -n '8,12p' # method 1 sed '8,12!d' # method 2 # print line number 52 sed -n '52p' # method 1 sed '52!d' # method 2 sed '52q;d' # method 3, efficient on large files # beginning at line 3, print every 7th line gsed -n '3~7p' # GNU sed only sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;n;n;}' # other seds # print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive) sed -n '/Iowa/,/Montana/p' # case sensitive SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES: # print all of file EXCEPT section between 2 regular expressions sed '/Iowa/,/Montana/d' # delete duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates "uniq"). # First line in a set of duplicate lines is kept, rest are deleted. sed '$!N; /^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P; D' # delete duplicate, nonconsecutive lines from a file. Beware not to # overflow the buffer size of the hold space, or else use GNU sed. sed -n 'G; s/\n/&amp;&amp;/; /^\([ -~]*\n\).*\n\1/d; s/\n//; h; P' # delete all lines except duplicate lines (emulates "uniq -d"). sed '$!N; s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/; t; D' # delete the first 10 lines of a file sed '1,10d' # delete the last line of a file sed '$d' # delete the last 2 lines of a file sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d' # delete the last 10 lines of a file sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D' # method 1 sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba' # method 2 # delete every 8th line gsed '0~8d' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;n;n;n;d;' # other seds # delete lines matching pattern sed '/pattern/d' # delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ") sed '/^$/d' # method 1 sed '/./!d' # method 2 # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first; also # deletes all blank lines from top and end of file (emulates "cat -s") sed '/./,/^$/!d' # method 1, allows 0 blanks at top, 1 at EOF sed '/^$/N;/\n$/D' # method 2, allows 1 blank at top, 0 at EOF # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first 2: sed '/^$/N;/\n$/N;//D' # delete all leading blank lines at top of file sed '/./,$!d' # delete all trailing blank lines at end of file sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/{$d;N;ba' -e '}' # works on all seds sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/N;/\n$/ba' # ditto, except for gsed 3.02.* # delete the last line of each paragraph sed -n '/^$/{p;h;};/./{x;/./p;}' SPECIAL APPLICATIONS: # remove nroff overstrikes (char, backspace) from man pages. The 'echo' # command may need an -e switch if you use Unix System V or bash shell. sed "s/.`echo \\\b`//g" # double quotes required for Unix environment sed 's/.^H//g' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V and then Ctrl-H sed 's/.\x08//g' # hex expression for sed 1.5, GNU sed, ssed # get Usenet/e-mail message header sed '/^$/q' # deletes everything after first blank line # get Usenet/e-mail message body sed '1,/^$/d' # deletes everything up to first blank line # get Subject header, but remove initial "Subject: " portion sed '/^Subject: */!d; s///;q' # get return address header sed '/^Reply-To:/q; /^From:/h; /./d;g;q' # parse out the address proper. Pulls out the e-mail address by itself # from the 1-line return address header (see preceding script) sed 's/ *(.*)//; s/&gt;.*//; s/.*[:&lt;] *//' # add a leading angle bracket and space to each line (quote a message) sed 's/^/&gt; /' # delete leading angle bracket &amp; space from each line (unquote a message) sed 's/^&gt; //' # remove most HTML tags (accommodates multiple-line tags) sed -e :a -e 's/&lt;[^&gt;]*&gt;//g;/&lt;/N;//ba' # extract multi-part uuencoded binaries, removing extraneous header # info, so that only the uuencoded portion remains. Files passed to # sed must be passed in the proper order. Version 1 can be entered # from the command line; version 2 can be made into an executable # Unix shell script. (Modified from a script by Rahul Dhesi.) sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' file1 file2 ... fileX | uudecode # vers. 1 sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' "$&lt; at &gt;" | uudecode # vers. 2 # sort paragraphs of file alphabetically. Paragraphs are separated by blank # lines. GNU sed uses \v for vertical tab, or any unique char will do. sed '/./{H;d;};x;s/\n/={NL}=/g' file | sort | sed '1s/={NL}=//;s/={NL}=/\n/g' gsed '/./{H;d};x;y/\n/\v/' file | sort | sed '1s/\v//;y/\v/\n/' # zip up each .TXT file individually, deleting the source file and # setting the name of each .ZIP file to the basename of the .TXT file # (under DOS: the "dir /b" switch returns bare filenames in all caps). echo &lt; at &gt;echo off &gt;zipup.bat dir /b *.txt | sed "s/^\(.*\)\.TXT/pkzip -mo \1 \1.TXT/" &gt;&gt;zipup.bat TYPICAL USE: Sed takes one or more editing commands and applies all of them, in sequence, to each line of input. After all the commands have been applied to the first input line, that line is output and a second input line is taken for processing, and the cycle repeats. The preceding examples assume that input comes from the standard input device (i.e, the console, normally this will be piped input). One or more filenames can be appended to the command line if the input does not come from stdin. Output is sent to stdout (the screen). Thus: cat filename | sed '10q' # uses piped input sed '10q' filename # same effect, avoids a useless "cat" sed '10q' filename &gt; newfile # redirects output to disk For additional syntax instructions, including the way to apply editing commands from a disk file instead of the command line, consult "sed &amp; awk, 2nd Edition," by Dale Dougherty and Arnold Robbins (O'Reilly, 1997; http://www.ora.com), "UNIX Text Processing," by Dale Dougherty and Tim O'Reilly (Hayden Books, 1987) or the tutorials by Mike Arst distributed in U-SEDIT2.ZIP (many sites). To fully exploit the power of sed, one must understand "regular expressions." For this, see "Mastering Regular Expressions" by Jeffrey Friedl (O'Reilly, 1997). The manual ("man") pages on Unix systems may be helpful (try "man sed", "man regexp", or the subsection on regular expressions in "man ed"), but man pages are notoriously difficult. They are not written to teach sed use or regexps to first-time users, but as a reference text for those already acquainted with these tools. QUOTING SYNTAX: The preceding examples use single quotes ('...') instead of double quotes ("...") to enclose editing commands, since sed is typically used on a Unix platform. Single quotes prevent the Unix shell from intrepreting the dollar sign ($) and backquotes (`...`), which are expanded by the shell if they are enclosed in double quotes. Users of the "csh" shell and derivatives will also need to quote the exclamation mark (!) with the backslash (i.e., \!) to properly run the examples listed above, even within single quotes. Versions of sed written for DOS invariably require double quotes ("...") instead of single quotes to enclose editing commands. USE OF '\t' IN SED SCRIPTS: For clarity in documentation, we have used the expression '\t' to indicate a tab character (0x09) in the scripts. However, most versions of sed do not recognize the '\t' abbreviation, so when typing these scripts from the command line, you should press the TAB key instead. '\t' is supported as a regular expression metacharacter in awk, perl, and HHsed, sedmod, and GNU sed v3.02.80. VERSIONS OF SED: Versions of sed do differ, and some slight syntax variation is to be expected. In particular, most do not support the use of labels (:name) or branch instructions (b,t) within editing commands, except at the end of those commands. We have used the syntax which will be portable to most users of sed, even though the popular GNU versions of sed allow a more succinct syntax. When the reader sees a fairly long command such as this: sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d it is heartening to know that GNU sed will let you reduce it to: sed '/AAA/b;/BBB/b;/CCC/b;d' # or even sed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' In addition, remember that while many versions of sed accept a command like "/one/ s/RE1/RE2/", some do NOT allow "/one/! s/RE1/RE2/", which contains space before the 's'. Omit the space when typing the command. OPTIMIZING FOR SPEED: If execution speed needs to be increased (due to large input files or slow processors or hard disks), substitution will be executed more quickly if the "find" expression is specified before giving the "s/.../.../" instruction. Thus: sed 's/foo/bar/g' filename # standard replace command sed '/foo/ s/foo/bar/g' filename # executes more quickly sed '/foo/ s//bar/g' filename # shorthand sed syntax On line selection or deletion in which you only need to output lines from the first part of the file, a "quit" command (q) in the script will drastically reduce processing time for large files. Thus: sed -n '45,50p' filename # print line nos. 45-50 of a file sed -n '51q;45,50p' filename # same, but executes much faster If you have any additional scripts to contribute or if you find errors in this document, please send e-mail to the compiler. Indicate the version of sed you used, the operating system it was compiled for, and the nature of the problem. To qualify as a one-liner, the command line must be 65 characters or less. Various scripts in this file have been written or contributed by: Al Aab # founder of "seders" list Edgar Allen # various Yiorgos Adamopoulos # various Dale Dougherty # author of "sed &amp; awk" Carlos Duarte # author of "do it with sed" Eric Pement # author of this document Ken Pizzini # author of GNU sed v3.02 S.G. Ravenhall # great de-html script Greg Ubben # many contributions &amp; much help ------------------------------------------------------------------------- </pre> sed-users< at >yahoogroups.com 2013-02-02T14:40:44 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5896 <pre>Hi I was thinking about a kind of sed "libraries" that can help to convert from different formats like html to latex or anything else. Usually, there are programs for that but when you want to add something special, a sheet for main conversation that can be adapted would be very helpful. E.g. I want to convert html to latex, and every &lt;font 16pt ...&gt; should give me a subsection entry. I cannot use html2latex as this information is lost and no subsection is created. Therefore, I have to create my own script, what leaves me with having to set up a huge conversion table for all special chars, etc. For that, a sed script listing all these conversions would be of immense help. Let's create a sed library with such scripts (if it does not exist already ...) See example below. --- html to latex sed: # delete header 0,/&lt;body&gt;/d # convert signs s|\$|\\$|g s|%|\\%|g s|\#|\\#|g s|{|\\{|g s|}|\\}|g s|_|\\_|g s|\x84|,,|g s|\x85|{\\ldots}|g s|\x91|{\\textquoteleft}|g s|\x92|{\\textquoteright}|g s|\x93|{\\textquotedblleft}|g s|\x94|{\\textquotedblright}|g s|\x95|\\bullet|g s|\x96|\\textendash|g s|\x97|\\textemdash|g s|'|{\\textquoteright}|g s|&amp;copy;|\\copyright|g s|&amp;le;|\\le|g s|&amp;ge;|\\ge|g s|&amp;lt;|&lt;|g s|&amp;gt;|&gt;|g s|\.\.\.|\{\\ldots\}|g # do you want newlines expressed as newlines? s|\n| \\n\\n |g s|&lt;br */*&gt;|\n\n |g # style conversion s|&lt;i [^&gt;]*&gt;|&amp;\\textit{|g s|&lt;i&gt;|&amp;\\textit{|g s|&lt;/i&gt;|}|g s|&lt;b [^&gt;]*&gt;|&amp;\\textbf{|g s|&lt;b&gt;|&amp;\\textbf{|g s|&lt;/b&gt;|}|g s|\&amp;nbsp;| |g s|&lt;ol&amp;[^&gt;]*&gt;|\n\\begin{enumerate}|g s|&lt;/ol&gt;|\\end{enumerate}|g s|&lt;ul[^&gt;]*&gt;|&amp;\n\\begin{itemize}|g s|&lt;/ul&gt;|\\end{itemize}|g s|&lt;li[^&gt;]*&gt;|&amp;\\item |g # formatting s|&lt;h1&gt;|\\section*{| s|&lt;h2&gt;|\\subsection*{| s|&lt;h3&gt;|\\subsubsection*{| s|&lt;h4&gt;|\\textbf{| s|&lt;h5&gt;|| s|&lt;h6&gt;|| s|&lt;h7&gt;|| s|&lt;h8&gt;|| s|&lt;\/h[0-9]&gt;|}| # sign conversion s/&lt;[^&gt;]*&gt;//g s|&amp;nbsp;||g s|&amp;lt;|&lt;|g s|&amp;gt;|&gt;|g s|&amp;amp;|\\&amp;|g s|&amp;middot;|{\\textperiodcentered}|g s|&amp;ldquo;|{\\textquotedblleft}|g s|&amp;rdquo;|{\\textquotedblright}|g s|&amp;lsquo;|,|g s|&amp;ndash;|--|g s|&amp;mdash;|---|g s|&amp;rsquo;|{\\textquoteright}|g s|&amp;hellip;|{\\ldots}|g s|&amp;agrave;|\\`{a}|g s|&amp;atilde;|\\~{a}|g s|&amp;iuml;|\\"{\i}|g s|&amp;eacute;|\\'{e}|g s|&amp;uacute;|\\'{u}|g s|&amp;euro;|{\\euro}|g s|&amp;ccedil;|\\c{c}|g </pre> Thierry Blanc 2013-01-31T11:55:38 http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.editors.sed.user/5891 <pre>This came up in a recent cross-Atlantic conversation. :) The problem: How to apply a change when a *combination* of lines occurs, eg when the word "foo" appears in line N and the word "bar" appears in line N+1. How then to apply the change in line N (or line N+1)? For example, change word "foo" to "FOO" and word "bar" to "BAR". Here's a test file I dreamed up: food foot foo bare bark bar bar bark bare bark bar bare foot foo food bark bar bare foot foo food foo foot food bar bark bare foot foo food Here's the desired output: food foot FOO bare bark BAR bar bark bare bark bar bare foot FOO food bark BAR bare foot foo food FOO foot food BAR bark bare foot foo food I tried doing this in bash and couldn't make it work. I do have a possible sed solution. Thought I'd post this, see if anyone would like to take a look, either sed or bash (or whatever!). Daniel </pre> Daniel 2013-01-28T20:18:23 Search the mailing list at Gmane query http://search.gmane.org/?group=$group=gmane.editors.sed.user